Assignment Chapter 1

Assignment Chapter 1

Discovering Computers - Student Assignment Chapter 1 Review

(Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc.)

Discovering Computers

Student Assignment - Chapter 1 Review

Page 42

Name         : Nova Jingga

Class          : 01PCT

Student ID : 1701313473

Lecture      : Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc.

1. Why is Computer Literacy Vital in Today’s  World?

Computer Literacy Vital in Today’s World because computer literacy is defined as the knowledge and ability to use computers and related technology efficiently, with a range of skills covering levels from elementary use to programming and advanced problem solving ; and also it’s important because it has already become a part of our lives and without a computer we can’t survive in this era of the world. Companies now rely on computers to store information, communicate with other computer to share information and resources.

2.  What is a Computer, and What is the Relationship between Data and Information?

A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations.

The relationship between Data and Information :

-          Data

The data is a data which has not been processing and means that the data is still raw. The type of data used can also affect the information generated.

-          Information

The information is a data that has been processing and also may be well organized on report or table and yet not always be meaningful to all people. There are different ways to arrange data to make it meaningful for different people.

3.  List and Describe the Five Components of a Computer

The five classic components of a computer :

a.       Datapath

= Manipulate the data coming through the processor. It also provides a small amount of temporary data storage

The datapath consists of the following components :

·         Programmable registers

Small units of data storage that are directly visible to assembly language programmers which can be used like simple variables in a high-level program.

·         The Program Counter (PC)

Hold the address for fetching instructions

·         Multiplexers

Have control inputs coming from control which are used for routing data through the datapath

·         Processing elements

Compute new data values from old data values in simple processors of the major that processing elements are grouped into an Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU).

·         Special-purpose registers

Hold data that is needed for processor operation but is not directly visible to assembly language programmers.

b.      Control

= Generate control signals that direct the operation of memory and the datapath

The control signals do :

·         Tell memory to send or receive data

·         Tell the ALU what operation to perform

·         Route data between different parts of the datapath

c.       Memory

= Hold instructions and most of the data for currently executing programs

The rest of the data is held in programmable registers, which can only hold a limited amount of data

d.      Input

= External devices such as keyboard, mouse, disk, and network that provide input to the processor

In modern processors, this data is placed in memory before entering the processor. Input handling is largely under the control of operating system software.

e.      Output

= External devices such as displays, printers, disks, and networks that receive data from the processor.

In modern processors, this data is placed in memory before leaving the processor. Output handling is largely under the control of operating system software.

4.  What are the Advantages and the DisadvantagesThat Users Experience When Working with Computers?

The advantages that users experience when working with computers :

·         Computer can help you to automate the task that you can’t do manually

·         Help you to organized the data and information in your computer

·         Calculate and computing faster than manually

The disadvantages when working with computers :

·         It can affect your health if we took a long time in front of computer such as your eyesight

·         It also can make you to be an anti-social person if you keep playing with computer and didn’t  go to outside to keep relation with other people

·         It also can cause a violation of privacy and public safety

5.  What is a network and what are its Benefit?

 A Network is a group consist of two or more computers that connected each other throughout transmission media, wether it's cable or wireless media. Network benefits are that its allow us to share resources such as hardware, software, data and information so we can use that resources together. Network makes saving in time and money because we can do the same thing in the same time with different computer that connected each other.

6. How are the Internet and World Wide Web used?

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve several billion users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies.

The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW or W3,commonly known as the web) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them via hyperlinks.

7. How is system software different from application software?

Software (program) is any set of machine-readable instructions that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations. System software is computer software designed to operate, control or maintain a computer and its devices. System software including operating system (OS) that allows the parts of a computer to work together by performing tasks, utility software that helps to analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer and device drivers that provide basic functionality to operate and control the hardware connected to or built into the computer. While application software consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assists them
with personal tasks. Example application software are such as desktop software like web browsers and Microsoft Office, database software and many more.

8. What are the difference among the types, sizes, and function in the following categories : personal computers (dekstop), mobile computers and mobile devices, game consoles server, mainframes supercomputers, and embedded computers?

A personal computer is a computer that can perform all of its
input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself. A mobile computer is a personal computer you can carry from place to place, and a mobile device is a computing device small enough to hold in your hand. A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games. A server
controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simulta- neously and can store tremendous amounts of data, instructions, and information. A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful, and most expensive computer and is used for applications requiring complex, sophisticated mathematical calculations. An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product.

9. What is the Role of each Elements in an information system?

a.       Data/Information

Data are facts that are used by programs to produce useful information.Like programs,data are generally stored in machine-readable form on disk or tape until the computer needs them

b.      Software

The term software refers to computer programs and the manuals (if any) that support them. Computer programs are machine-readable instructions that direct the circuitry within the hardware parts of the Computer Based Information System (CBIS) to function in ways that produce useful information from data. Programs are generally stored on some input / output medium,often a disk or tape

c.       Hardware

The term hardware refers to machinery.This category includes the computer itself, which is often referred to as the central processing unit (CPU), and all of its support equipments. Among the support equipments are input and output devices, storage devices and communications devices

d.      People

Every CBIS needs people if it is to be useful. Often the most over-looked element of the CBIS are the people, probably the component that most influence the success or failure of information systems

e.      Procedure

Procedures are the policies that govern the operation of a computer system. "Procedures are to people what software is to hardware" is a common analogy that is used to illustrate the role of procedures in a CBIS

10. How do the Various type of computer users interact with computers?

Computer users can be separated into five categories: home user, small office/home office user, mobile user, power user, and enterprise user. Home user is a computer user who uses computer for a lot of reasons, such as budgeting, web access, social media, communication and entertainment. A small/ home office user (SOHO) includes any company with fewer than 50 employees. They are users that use computer to look up information and use software that connected with basic business and sometimes industry-specific. Mobile users are people that use internet while away from home or office but still want to use the internet. A power user uses a workstation or other powerful computer to work with industry-specific software. Power users exist in all types of businesses. An enterprise user works in or interacts with a com- pany with many employees and uses a computer and computer network that processes high volumes of transactions in a single day

11. How does Society use computers in Education, Finance, Government, Health Care, Science, Publishing, Travel, and Manufacturing?

  In education, society use computer to access the learning site or software that can support their study. In finance, people using computer to access online banking and online investing. Government use computers to provide citizens with up-to-date information and the government employee use computer to support their work. In health care, computer used to maintaining, monitoring and checking patient condition, assist with medical tests and research, correspond with patients, file insurance
claims, provide greater precision during operations,
and as implants. In science, people use computers to assist with collecting, analyzing and modeling data and also to communicate with others colleagues around the world. In publishing, people use computers to assist in designing pages ad make the news publish and available online. For travel, many traveler use computers to search place that they want to go using an online navigation system that help people travel more quickly and safely. In manufacturing, people use computer-aided manufacturing to assist with manufacturing processes