Minggu, 13 Oktober 2013

Assignment Chapter 3

Assignment Chapter 3

Discovering Computers - Student Assignment Chapter 3
(Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc.)
Discovering Computers
Student Assignment - Chapter 3 Check Point
Page 183-186
Name         : Nova Jingga
Class          : 01PCT
Student ID : 1701313473
Lecture      : Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc.

 A. TRUE/FALSE


1.       The categories of application software are mutually exclusive (T)
2.       Public-domain software is available to the public for a fee (T)
3.       To click a button on the screen requires moving the pointer to the button and then pressing and holding down a button on the mouse (usually the right mouse button) (F)
4.       A dialog box is a window that provides information, presents available options or requests a response (T)
5.       A font is a name assigned to a specific design of characters (T)
6.       In a spreadsheet program, a function is a predefined formula performs common calculations such as adding the values in a group of cells or generating a value such as the time or date (T)
7.       Computer-aided design (CAD) software is a sophisticated type of application software that assists a professional user in creating engineering, architectural, and scientific designs (T)
8.       Image stitching is the process of adjusting or enhancing image colors and/or adding special effects such as shadows and glows (F)
9.       Although many word processing programs include desktop publishing (DTP) software features, users often prefer to create DTP documents using DTP software because of its enhanced features (T)
10.   Some Web sites require you to download software in order to run their Web applications (F)
11.   Some communications software is considered system software because it works with hardware and transmission media (T)
12.   An RSS aggregator includes time-stamped  articles, or posts, in a diary or journal format, usually listed in reverse chronological order (F)

 
B. MULTIPLE CHOICE
  
1.      _____ is mass-produced, copyrighted retail software that meets the needs of a wide variety of users, not just a single user or company.
Answer  :  a. Packaged software 

2.      _____ is a collection of individual programs available together as a unit.
Answer  :  a. A software suite 

3.      _____ allows a user to plan, schedule, track, and analyze the events, resources, and costs of a project.
Answer  :  b. Project management software 

4.      _____ software provides a means for sharing, distributing, and searching through documents by converting them into a format that can be viewed by any user. 
Answer  :  c. Document management 

5.      _____ helps home and small business users create newsletters, brochures, advertisements, postcards, greeting cards, letterhead, business cards, banners, calendars, logos, and Web pages.
Answer  :  c. Personal DTP software 

6.      With _____, you can view, organize, sort, catalog, print, and share digital photos.
Answer  : b. photo management software 

7.      A(n) _____ is an online area where users have written discussions.
Answer : c. newsgroup/message board 

8.       _____ is the electronic equivalent of a user manual
Answer : b. Online Help


C. MATCHING
  
1.      BUTTON (144) 
Answer :          f. small symbol on the screen that moves as you move the mouse

2.      WINDOW (144) 
Answer :          e. rectangular area of the screen that displays data and information 

3.      TITLE BAR (144) 
Answer :          j. horizontal space that contains the window’s name 

4.      PASTING (149) 
Answer :           b. the process of transferring an item from a clipboard to a specific location in a document 

5.      CELL (151) 
Answer :            d. intersection of a row and column in a spreadsheet 

6.      DATABASE (153) 
Answer :           l. collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data 

7.      PDF (158) 
Answer :      a. popular file format that document management software uses to save converted documents 

8.      PERSONAL FINANCE SOFTWARE (166) 
Answer :          g. simplified accounting program that helps home users and small office/home office users balance their checkbooks, pay bills, track personal income and expenses, set up budgets, manage home inventory, track investments, and evaluate financial plans 

9.      ONLINE BANKING (166) 
Answer :         k. offers access to account balances, provides bill payment services, and allows you to download monthly transactions and statements from the Web directly to your computer 

10.  WEB APP (172) 
Answer :      Web site that allows users to access and interact with software from any computer or device that is connected to the Internet


D. SHORT ANSWER

1. Describe some types of utility programs. ____________ What is malware?
Malware is a program that acts without a user’s knowledge and deliberately alters the computer’s operations

2. What are the features of presentation software?
slide show that consist of text, charts, and graphical images on a slide with 3-D, animation, and other special effects such as shading, shadows, and textures, checking, spelling, formatting, providing research capabilities, recognizing handwritten text and drawings, and creating Web pages from existing slide shows.  
What types of media might a person use to enhance a presentation? 
Microsoft PowerPoint, Apple Keynote, Corel Presentations
3. How is travel and mapping software used?
Users to view maps, determine route directions, and locate points of interest and also calculate mileage, time, and expense. 
What are some examples of reference software?  
Encyclopedia , dictionaries, and health/medical guides.
4. What is computer-based training (CBT)?  
CBT is a type of education in which students learn by using and completing exercises with instructional software. List a few examples of CBT usage.
  •  Beginning athletes, for example, use CBT programs to learn the intricacies of baseball, football, soccer, tennis, and golf. 
  •  The military and airlines use CBT simulations to train pilots to fly in various conditions and environments
5. Describe how many Web sites utilize Web-based training. ____________ What are some ways that e-learning enhances communications?
 There are video conferencing, e-mail, blogs, wikis, newsgroups, chat rooms, and groupware.

Senin, 07 Oktober 2013

Assignment Chapter 2

ASSIGNMENT CHAPTER 2


Discovering Computers - Student Assignment Chapter 1 Review
(Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc.)

Discovering Computers
Student Assignment - Chapter 2 Review
Page112
Name         : Nova Jingga
Class          : 01PCT
Student ID : 1701313473
Lecture      : Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc.
  

1.      How Did the Internet Evolve?
The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) developed by ARPA of the U.S. Department of Defense was the world's first operational packet switching network, and the progenitor of the global Internet. During the 1950s, several communications researchers realized that there was a need to allow general communication between users of various computers and communications networks. This led to research into decentralized networks, queuing theory, and packet switching. The subsequent creation of ARPANET in the United States in turn catalyzed a wave of technical developments that made it the basis for the development of the Internet. The first TCP/IP wide area network was operational in 1984 when the United States' National Science Foundation (NSF) constructed a university network backbone that would later become the NSFNet. It was then followed by the opening of the network to commercial interests in 1995. Important separate networks that have successfully entered the Internet include Usenet, Bitnet and the various commercial and educational X.25 networks such as Compuserve and JANET. The collective network gained a public face in the 1990s. In August 1991 CERN in Switzerland publicized the new World Wide Web project, two years after Tim Berners-Lee had begun creating HTML, HTTP and the first few web pages at CERN in Switzerland. In 1993 the Mosaic web browser version 1.0 was released, and by late 1994 there was growing public interest in the previously academic/technical Internet. By 1996 the word "Internet" was common public currency, but it referred almost entirely to the World Wide Web. Meanwhile, over the course of the decade, the Internet successfully accommodated the majority of previously existing public computer networks (although some networks such as FidoNet have remained separate). This growth is often attributed to the lack of central administration, which allows organic growth of the network, as well as the non-proprietary nature of the Internet protocols, which encourages vendor interoperability and prevents any one company from exerting too much control over the network. The IEEE has assigned the 802.1 label to the internetworking among 802 LANs, MANs and other wide area networks, now known as the Internet

2.      What are the various types of Internet connections, and what are the Differences between broadband and Dial-Up connections?
o   Types of Internet connection :
-          Analog: Dial-up Internet Access
-          ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network
-          B-ISDN - Broadband ISDN
-          DSL – Digital Subscriber Line
-          ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
-          ADSL+2  - ADSL  Extension
-          SDSL - Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line
-          VDSL - Very High DSL
-          Cable -  Broadband Internet Connection
-          Wireless Internet Connections
-          T-1 Lines – Leased Line
-          Bonded T-1
-          T-3 Lines – Dedicated Leased Line
-          OC3 - Optical Carrier
-          Internet over Satellite
o   The differences between broadband and Dial-Up connections :
-          Dial up connection is normally slower than the broadband connection. A dialup connection links one to the Internet via a phone line and while connected you cannot make or receive phone calls. Broadband connects you to the internet through cable, satellite or DSL enabling you access many web pages at a greater speed and still be able to make and receive phone calls at the same time.

3.      What Are the Types of Internet Access Providers?
o   Internet Service Provider
A business or organization that offers users access to the Internet and related services
o   Online Service Provider
A generic term that describes any company, organization or group that provides an online service. These types of services may include Web sites, discussion forums, chat rooms, or Web mail. OSPs may also refer to a company that provides dial-up access to the Internet
o   Wireless Internet Service Provider
an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking

4.      What Is the Purpose of an IP Address, and What Is Its Relationship to a Domain Name?
o   The purpose of an IP Address :
-          The IP address acts as a locator for one IP device to find another and interact with it.
It is not intended, however, to act as an identifier that always uniquely identifies a particular device.
In current practice, an IP address is not always a unique identifier, due to technologies such as dynamic assignment and network address translation.
IP addresses are managed and created by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
The IANA generally allocates super-blocks to Regional Internet Registries, who in turn allocate smaller blocks to Internet service providers and enterprises
o   The relationship of IP Address to a Domain Name :
The Internet was formally formed in a small number of computers, it linked to modems and telephone lines. From that, you need to provide the IP address to connect with modems and telephone lines.
Not long after that a problem arises when more and more hosts created, the current system cannot afford to maintain the raising data. Due to the limitation the domain name was introduced. The domain name means to simplicity the process, so the Network Information Center once again regaining its ability to maintain the internet. But again it become tough when the text file multiply, the current solution need to fine tune again. Responding to the problem University of Wisconsin in 1983 invented the very first Domain Name System, it converts the texts names into IP address in more convenient way.

The system works very well and people started to follow them, the system has been used since then until now. The creation of IP address lessens the trouble and difficulties in connection between people and computers. This is how the World Wide Web (WWW) becomes global easily instantly. That is the feedback from user around the world, never the less find out more about it.

The IP address and domain name are two different identities, but their roles are same to the world. They are connected and supporting each other, the IP address needs the domain name to function properly. So does to domain name, it cannot go online without connecting to IP address.

Now you have the picture about it, let's go to further explanation. IP address formed in 30-bit numeric address, it consists of four group of number divided by dots. Here is an example x.xxx.xx.xxx/1.160.10.240 (four different group numbers). Every group number represent network, there is no fixed format on IP address but each of them are unique and different. The Ip address can work in either sides, it can be a network for domain name or a host for networks.

I believe that you get the real picture by now. The domain name represents single or several IP address. Now we know that IP address and domain name are bound to each other, web pages will lose the identity without them. For an instance if you look for certain site page, you usually will type the domain name to get there. What happen exactly here is the domain name converts to IP address and directly to the site


5.      What Is the Purpose of a Web Browser, and What Are the Components of a Web Address?
o   The purpose of a web browser :
- Web browser is used to run the software application that allows retrieving, presenting and traversing the information from one place to another.

- Web browser provides the resources using the WWW (World Wide Web) this can be identified by URI (Uniform Resource Identifier).

- Web browser fetches the data like web page, image, video or other piece of content from the server and displays it accordingly.

- Web browser uses hyperlinks to display the resources and allow the users to navigate their browsers according to the resources.

- Web browser defines the application software that is designed for the user to access and retrieve the documents using the Internet.
o   The components of a web address :

-          Protocol

The address starts with the communication protocol, essentially the language in which the computers communicate. Examples of protocols include “http://” (hypertext transfer protocol), “ftp://” (file transfer protocol), “pop” (post office protocol). These are the three protocols you'll come across most often in your business, with http used for your site, ftp to transfer files to your server and pop for your email.

-          Domain Name

To the right of the protocol are the subdomains and the main domain name. http://www.subdomain.first-level-domain.com Domain names are an important factor in search engine optimization (SEO). So, if your domain name is “tucsonhardwarestore.com,” your site is more likely to appear in a search for “Tucson hardware store." Domains with hyphens should be avoided as they are less well-suited to SEO than non-hyphenated domains. Note that Google treats subdomains as separate sites when ordering search results – that is, any authority garnered by the first-level domain will not pass to the subdomain. So in most cases it is better to use folders to separate different parts of the site.

-          Top-Level Domains

The next part of the domain is the top-level domain, or TLD. These are used to help browsers find your site on the Internet. Examples include “.com,” “.org”, “.net” and “.edu.” Generally speaking, it's better to get a .com domain, as this is where people will tend to look for you. If the .com you want is taken, Gigaom recommend you try a slight variation such as adding your city name into the URL, before you settle for a different TLD.

-          Files and Folders

The rest of the domain works in a similar way as the folders on your hard drive, so in this address: http://www.subdomain.first-level-domain.com/articles/article1.html “articles” is a folder on the server and “article1.html” is a file inside that folder. As with the domain names, it's important to keep your files and folders human-friendly. For example, a file name “important-factors-in-buying-a-shed” is preferable to “contentID=1228” – people will be able to see instantly whether the content is relevant to them, and the keywords will also help you rank higher in search engine results.

Examples :
Let's take www.wiki.com as an example

Www is the first part telling the browser that you are trying to access the world wide web. The second part would be the actual name of the website which is in our example wiki. Last comes the .com which is more of a direction giver (.com for most American sites,.de for German,government site's are .gov and organizations .org)

Http:// is the browser protocol but typing it in is mostly optional since most browser use this as a default.
If it was www.wiki.com/pic, pic would be your file name

6.      How Do You Use a Search Engine to Search for Information on the Web, and What Is the Difference between a Search Engine and a Subject Directory?
o   Use a Search Engine to Search for Information on the Web :
To use a search engine, you enter a word or phrase, called search text or a search query that describes the item you want to find. Each word in the search text is known as a keyword. The search engine displays a list of hits. When clicked each hit, displays an associated Web site or Web page.
o   The Difference between a Search for Information on the Web and a Subject Directory :
A search engine is a program that finds Web sites, Web pages, images, videos, news, maps, and other information related to a specific topic. To use a search engine, you enter a word or phrase, called search text or a search query, that describes the item you want to find. Each word in the search text is known as a keyword. The search engine displays a list of hits. When clicked each hit, displays an associated Web site or Web page.
A Subject Directory classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories and related subcategories. By clicking links, you move through levels to display a list of Web pages about a desired topic.

7.      What Are the Types of Websites?
There are many different types of websites. Some of the more common ones are listed below:

Type
Purpose
Commercial
The purpose of this type of website is to sell products or services. The Internet address often ends with .com
Country codes
Websites from other countries have a country code at the end. For example Great Britain is .uk and Canada is .ca
Educational
The purpose of this type of website is to provide information about an educational establishment. The Internet address ends in .edu.
Entertainment
The purpose of this type of website is to entertain and provide amusement. The Internet address often ends with .com
Government
The purpose of this type of website is to provide information produced by government agencies, offices, and departments. Usually, information provided by government websites is very reliable. The Internet address often ends with .gov
Military
The purpose of this type of website is to provide information about the military. The Internet address ends in .mil.
News
The purpose of this type of website is to provide information about current events. The Internet address often ends with .com
Organizational
The purpose of this type of website is to advocate an individual's opinion or a group's point of view. The Internet address often ends with .org
Personal
The purpose of this type of website is to provide information about an individual. The Internet address has a variety of endings

8.      How Do Web Pages Use Graphics, Animation, Audio, Video, Virtual Reality, and Plug-Ins?
Some Web pages use multimedia, which combines text with graphics, animation, audio, video, and/or virtual reality. A graphic is a digital representation of non-text information such as a drawing, chart, or photo. Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence. Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound. Video consists of full-motion images. Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to simulate an environment that appears as three-dimensional space. A plug-in, or add-on, is a program that extends a browser's capability to display multimedia elements.


9.      What Are the Steps Required for Web Publishing?
a.      Decide what you want to place on the web.
o   Text - plain or colored.
o   Graphics
-          logos
-          ISMAP's (action dependent on where in the image you select)
b.      Decide where on the web, you want your information placed. Once your information is on the Internet, it is accessible from everywhere. The availability depends on your web page hoster. We recommend that you get a domain name so that you are not tied to your web page hoster.
c.       Convert any documents that you want placed on the web from their current form to a web readable format. Text should be in HyperText Markup Language(HTML) format and graphics in GIF(Graphical Interchange Format)format or JPEG. Some others are possible, but may not be supported by all web browsers. Any on-line forms will need a program, on the web server, to process them.
d.       Place your information on-line.
e.      Check to make sure that it looks the way you want to in several different browsers. Be sure to check both graphical and textual browsers.
f.        Publish your location to the world. This gets your information into a wider set of hands than just those who happen across your location.

10.  What Are the Types of E-Commerce?
a.      Consumer to business E-commerce
b.      Business to business E-commerce
c.       Business to consumer E-commerce
d.      Consumer to consumer E-commerce
e.      Intra organizational E-commerce
11.  How Do E-Mail, Mailing Lists, Instant Messaging, Chat Rooms, VoIP, Newsgroups and Message Boards, and FTP Work?
o   E-mail:
it works like the post office. You write your letter and stamped it (compose your email), drop it at the post office (send it from your computer using your email hosting). Your post office sends the letter to the recipient's post office (to person to whom you're sending the email hosting), the other post office delivers your letter (the email being received).

o   Mailing list:
creating a group of email address and send the email one time. the email gets dispatched by looking up the addresses within the group.

o   Instant messaging:
it's like talking to someone over the phone by in this case using you keyboard. It happens between 2 people.

o   Chat rooms:
works like instant messaging. But here there are more than 2 people. It's like conferencing.

o   VoiP:
V=Voice, o=over, IP=IP address. It's talking to someone by using Internet line

o   Newgroups:
it's like a forum where instead of asking question, you post news.

o   Message board:
It's a page of news paper where you get message that is addresses to you or people that are concerned.

o   FTP:
Works like transfering files between 2 computers. But in this case you send the file onto a web serve

12.  What Are the Rules of Netiquette?
The Rules of Netiquette are social norms that individuals choose to follow facilitating effective communication on the internet. There are many accepted internet etiquette rules users follow for many different reasons. The core rules of netiquette are the most agreed upon netiquette rules. The golden Rule of Netiquette is the foundation of Cyber Etiquette theory.
As classes of websites and formats for internet communication have expanded so have social conventions, netiquette. There are groups of internet rules for various websites that are defined by site type, user, and cyber friends. Everyone could use a little netiquette.
We are human, so netiquette is human. The human condition is positive, caring, and thoughtful. People are good. Positive comments and heart warming stories are part of the human condition. Knowing how to criticize someone in cyberspace without hurting their feelings shows you care. Helping others on the internet is thoughtful. The rules of netiquette come from the human condition because internet users are humans.